Hormone Therapy And Letrozole Benefits

Hormones are substances that function as chemical messengers in the body. They affect the actions of cells and tissues at various locations in the body, often reaching their targets through the bloodstream.

The hormones estrogen and progesterone are produced by the ovaries in premenopausal women and by some other tissues, including fat and skin, in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Estrogen promotes the development and maintenance of female sex characteristics and the growth of long bones. Progesterone plays a role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

Estrogen and progesterone can also promote the growth of some breast cancers, which are called hormone-sensitive (or hormone-dependent) breast cancers. Hormone-sensitive breast cancer cells contain proteins known as hormone receptors that become activated when hormones bind to them. The activated receptors cause changes in the expression of specific genes, which can lead to the stimulation of cell growth.

To determine whether breast cancer cells contain hormone receptors, doctors test samples of tumor tissue that have been removed by surgery. If the tumor cells contain estrogen receptors, the cancer is called estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive), estrogen-sensitive, or estrogen-responsive. Similarly, if the tumor cells contain progesterone receptors, the cancer is called progesterone receptor-positive (PR- or PgR-positive). Approximately 70 percent of breast cancers are ER-positive. Most ER-positive breast cancers are also PR-positive.

Breast cancers that lack estrogen receptors are called estrogen receptor-negative (ER-negative). These tumors are estrogen-insensitive, meaning that they do not use estrogen to grow. Breast tumors that lack progesterone receptors are called progesterone receptor-negative (PR- or PgR-negative).
Several strategies have been developed to treat hormone-sensitive breast cancer, including the following:

Blocking ovarian function: Because the ovaries are the main source of estrogen in premenopausal women, estrogen levels in these women can be reduced by eliminating or suppressing ovarian function. Blocking ovarian function is called ovarian ablation.

Ovarian ablation can be done surgically in an operation to remove the ovaries (called oophorectomy) or by treatment with radiation. This type of ovarian ablation is usually permanent.

Alternatively, ovarian function can be suppressed temporarily by treatment with drugs called gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, which are also known as luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonists. These medicines interfere with signals from the pituitary gland that stimulate the ovaries to produce estrogen.

Blocking estrogen production: Drugs called aromatase inhibitors can be used to block the activity of an enzyme called aromatase, which the body uses to make estrogen in the ovaries and in other tissues. Aromatase inhibitors are used primarily in postmenopausal women because the ovaries in premenopausal women produce too much aromatase for the inhibitors to block effectively. However, these drugs can be used in premenopausal women if they are given together with a drug that suppresses ovarian function.

Examples of aromatase inhibitors approved by the FDA are anastrozole (Arimidex) and letrozole (Femara), both of which temporarily inactivate aromatase, and exemestane (Aromasin), which permanently inactivates the enzyme.

Blocking estrogen’s effects: Several types of drugs interfere with estrogen’s ability to stimulate the growth of breast cancer cells:

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) bind to estrogen receptors, preventing estrogen from binding. Examples of SERMs approved by the FDA are tamoxifen (Nolvadex), raloxifene (Evista), and toremifene (Fareston). Tamoxifen has been used for more than 30 years to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

Because SERMs bind to estrogen receptors, they can potentially not only block estrogen activity (serve as estrogen antagonists) but also mimic estrogen effects (i.e., serve as estrogen agonists). Most SERMs behave as estrogen antagonists in some tissues and as estrogen agonists in other tissues. For example, tamoxifen blocks the effects of estrogen in breast tissue but acts like estrogen in the uterus and bone.
   
Other antiestrogen drugs, such as fulvestrant (Faslodex), work in a somewhat different way to block estrogen’s effects. Like SERMs, fulvestrant attaches to the estrogen receptor and functions as an estrogen antagonist. However, unlike SERMs, fulvestrant has no estrogen agonist effects. It is a pure antiestrogen. In addition, when fulvestrant binds to the estrogen receptor, the receptor is targeted for destruction.

An oral non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, Letrozole is routinely prescribed by medical practitioners to patients with hormonally responsive breast cancer after surgery. Also known as Femara and Liquifem, the antiestrogen is also used by budding and professional sportsmen on anabolic steroids to keep off estrogenic side effects such as oily skin, acne, gynecomastia, and bloating at bay while reaping the optimum benefits of steroids during an anabolic steroid cycle.
Letrozole is considered as one of the most potent drugs for stimulating metabolic rate of the body and promoting burning of fat. It is also useful in reducing the levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and promoting the level of spermatogenesis in male patients suffering from non-obstructive azoospermia and treat endometriosis. The third-generation selective oral aromatase inhibitor, Letrozole, is also used to stimulating dramatic enhancements in terms of growth hormone, cortisol, SHBG, hepatic production of binding proteins, HDL, and growth and development of sexual characteristics. If that was not all, Femara also has the ability to promote healthy immune function, healthy cholesterol levels, joint health, cognitive function, and muscle growth while reducing or even eliminating estrogenic side effects such as oily skin, gynecomastia, and fluid retention.

The medication may even be recommended by medical practitioners to treat certain types of breast cancer (such as hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer) in women after menopause or preventing the cancer from making a return. By reducing the amount of estrogens in the body, Letrozole helps in slowing or reversing the growth of these breast cancers.

The use of Letrozole, for a period of three to six weeks, is also associated with restoration of natural products of hormones, like testosterone. If that was not all, one 2.5 mg tablet of Femara is good enough to inhibit side effects of estrogens by as much as 80 percent.

The ideal dosage of Letrozole is 2.5 mg once a day for treating patients with breast cancer. Sportsmen use Letrozole in dosages of 0.5-1.0 mg every day, with or without meals. It is very important to note that this is a prescription drug and must be used and purchased only with a prescription. Moreover, its use should always be followed by a medical recommendation for the same after careful and complete evaluation of medical reports and history. At no point of time, two dosages of the drug can be taken together, even if missed accidentally. In case the first dose has been missed, it should be skipped and the next dose should be taken at its scheduled time.

Letrozole use is not recommended to pregnant and breastfeeding women and children or those having allergies to the drug or any of its ingredients. Those suffering with prostate, breast, or testicular cancer or treated for high blood pressure, liver damage, stroke, and kidney damage should avoid using the drug. Patients making use of drugs such as Prasterone, Tamoxifen, DHEA, and Androstenedione should avoid using Letrozole unless the same is specifically approved by a qualified medical practitioner.

The abuse of Letrozole can lead to side effects and thus best avoided. When abused or of a low grade, it can lead to side effects such as hot flushes, night sweats, vomiting, bone pain, loss of appetite, headache, stomach pain, cough, and breast pain. Use of Letrozole should not be made by individuals treated for high blood fats (cholesterol), bone problems (such as osteopenia, osteoporosis), stroke or blood clots, heart disease (such as chest pain, heart attack, heart failure), high blood pressure, kidney problems, and liver problems.

In rare cases, Femara use may cause severe health complications such as chest/jaw/left arm pain, confusion, coughing up blood, sudden dizziness/fainting, pain/swelling/warmth in the groin/calf, tingling/weakness/numbness in the arms/legs, weakness on one side of the body, vision changes, sudden/severe headache, slurred speech, bone fractures, mental/mood changes (such as depression, anxiety), swelling of arms/legs, and blurred vision. Drugs such as estrogens (such as ethinyl estradiol, conjugated estrogens), estrogen blockers (such as anastrozole, tamoxifen) may interfere with functioning and action mechanism of Letrozole and this may cause serious side effects or may cause the medications not to work correctly. The consumption of alcoholic beverages should be reduced, if the same cannot be completely eliminated, while Letrozole is being used.

GP Proviron by Geneza Pharmaceuticals

Originally developed as a drug for treating depression in men, Proviron or Mesterolone is an orally applicable androgen and derivative of Dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Proviron is 1 alpha-methyl-17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one and the molecular mass of this prescription drug is 304.467 g/mol at the base. One of the biggest advantages associated with use of GP Proviron is its unique ability to promote the count and quality of sperm and is also indicated to treat serious wellness problems such as low libido and erectile malfunction. The drug is even recommended to male patients struggling with impotency or lack of testosterone. In addition to these advantages, use of Mesterolone (GP Proviron) is also associated with improved release of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone for stimulating testes so that more testosterone can be produced.

Since it is not a 17 alpha alkylated compound, it can be used for a long period of time. The drug can even enhance potency of testosterone when used in an anabolic steroid cycle with it. The fact that GP Proviron can attach itself to SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) and albumin means that a large percentage of testosterone (free) is made available to conduct anabolic actions. Furthermore, the performance enhancing drug can also be used as an anti-aromatase and this characteristic proves to be beneficial when the drug is stacked with other anabolic steroids and performance enhancing drugs that may convert to estrogen to some extent. Since this steroid can bind to the aromatase enzyme, it does not allow steroids that are made a part of the cycle (with GP Proviron) to interact with enzymes and lead to formation of estrogens. Some sportsmen even use Mesterolone in an anabolic steroid cycle in place of testosterone that can have a negative effect on the libido since Proviron can enhance the level of libido to some extent because of the dihydrotestosterone effects of Mesterolone. A combined therapy with gonadotrophic hormone exhibiting follicle-stimulating hormone activity may be advised for initiating treatment and treatment with GP Proviron may be repeated after an interval of several weeks. It is important to note that use of Proviron is meant only for male patients though a medical practitioner may recommend its use to some female patients. When advised, individuals administered with it should undergo regular prostate examinations prophylactic-ally.

The increased level of free testosterone can then be utilized by the body for promoting protein synthesis that in turn stimulates muscle gain. Moreover, the steroid also has the ability to reduce the amount of free estrogen in the body by minimizing estrogen receptors’ ability to bind to estrogen. The drug is medically recommended to individuals suffering with potency disturbances due to androgen-deficiency, easy fatigability, lack of concentration, weak memory, disturbances of libido, depressive moods, general vegetative complaints, irritability, and declining physical activity and mental alertness in middle- and old-aged men. It may even be indicated for promoting the development of secondary male sex characteristics in cases of prepuberal hypogonadism and increasing fructose concentration up to normal values to enhance the chances of procreation.

The ideal dose of Mesterolone (GP Proviron) is 25-100 mg per day for men and 25 mg every day for women though some sportsmen, male as well as female, increase the doses to 50-125 mg every day and 40-60 mg per day, respectively.  Tablets of Proviron should not be chewed and must always be swallowed with a full glass of water. Overdosing or abuse of this drug can lead to health complications such as oily skin, acne, exacerbation of male pattern baldness, growth of body/facial hair, deepening of the voice, and menstrual irregularities. The use of Mesterolone is not recommended to patients with carcinoma of the prostate or those who are undergoing androgen therapy of any kind, including the use of GP Proviron. In case a dose of this drug has been missed and it is almost time for the next dose, the first dose should be ignored and the next dose should be taken at the designated time. Under no circumstances, two doses of the drug should be taken together for the dose that was missed. Medical advice should be sought without any delay and use of GP Proviron should be stopped immediately if side effects such as pain in liver area, headache, loss of appetite, depression, unexplained weight loss, aggression, symptoms of an enlarged prostate (change in urination), acne or hirsutism are experienced.

Effect of Tamoxifen Citrate in bodybuilding life

When it comes to treating advanced breast cancer patients or reducing the side effects of estrogens while coming off their anabolic steroid cycle, Nolvadex, also known as Tamoxifen citrate. For on cycle gynecomastia prevention and post cycle therapy (PCT) needs Tamoxifen Citrate often fills the role of both for many performance enhancers across the board. For decades Tamoxifen Citrate has been a staple in many cycles in both men and women and for good reason; it works, it works well and is in most cases very well-tolerated.

By its mode of action Tamoxifen Citrate functions of the basis of two hormones, estrogen and testosterone, discouraging one while promoting the other. Belonging to a class of medications known as Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERM’s) Tamoxifen Citrate is not an anabolic steroid in any shape form or fashion, it does not perform in the traditional anabolic nature, although it can provide a secondary anabolic effect by its method of testosterone stimulation. Since Nolvadex has the ability of inhibiting the growth of tumors that respond to estrogens, it is one of the most popular drugs for treating node-positive breast cancer in women following total mastectomy or segmental mastectomy, axillary dissection, and breast irradiation. The antiestrogen is also recommended for treating metastatic breast cancer in women and men and Nolvadex is an alternative to oophorectomy or ovarian irradiation in premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer. Medically, it is advised for the treatment of breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body (metastatic breast cancer) and is also advised to treat breast cancer in certain patients after surgery and radiation therapy and may even be suggested to minimize the chances of breast cancer in high-risk patients.

For its testosterone stimulating properties this will be and is the main reason any anabolic steroid user will supplement with Tamoxifen Citrate and this will occur during the PCT period for men. When we supplement with anabolic steroids our natural testosterone production is suppressed and once the cycle is complete it is imperative that we once again stimulate natural testosterone production. This is very important to our overall health, as a well-functioning endocrine system is more than necessary; however it is also imperative to maintaining the gains made while on a cycle of anabolic steroids. While Tamoxifen Citrate therapy will not return natural testosterone production to its normal state during PCT use it will send you well on your way. A common misconception is that with a good PCT program our natural testosterone levels are normalized by this simple 3-4 week process, unfortunately this simply isn’t true. Assuming no more anabolic steroids are applied it can take several months for normal levels to be obtained even with Tamoxifen Citrate therapy; however, without therapy such normalization can take up to as much as a year or more depending on the individual at hand.

Beyond PCT needs Tamoxifen Citrate is often used as a means of gynecomastia prevention while on a cycle of anabolic steroids. Many anabolic steroids of an androgenic nature, such as testosterone will convert into estrogen after administration. Estrogen is an essential hormone for proper bodily function in-terms of sexual function, immune system and muscle growth, we do need some, however, as these levels increase it can become quite problematic. Many of the most commonly associated side-effects of anabolic steroid use are due to this conversion process brought on by the aromatase enzyme and as levels increase side-effects rear their head. A very common misconception is that Tamoxifen Citrate decreases estrogen in the body in the same fashion as many aromatase inhibitors; this is not true. While it will not reduce estrogen Tamoxifen Citrate will block it from binding to the receptors thereby preventing side-effects such as gynecomastia. Generally 10mg every day of the medication will prove to be useful for this end, however, for many no amount will be enough and only an aromatase inhibitor will prove to be effective.

While Tamoxifen Citrate was not created with performance enhancing in mind it is just that for which it is used most commonly and without question it has proven to be one of the most useful tools in the arsenal of any performance enhancer. Available in both tablet and liquid forms you simply drink there really aren’t too many downsides to this medication, in-fact, most well-planned cycles, be it for on cycle or PCT use will include Tamoxifen Citrate in them at some point and time as it is a highly necessary medication for most any athlete.

One of the biggest advantages of this antiestrogen is that patients whose tumors are estrogen receptor positive are more likely to benefit from it. In addition to that, it can minimize the occurrence of contralateral breast cancer in patients receiving adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. In women with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) after breast surgery and radiation, Nolvadex (Tamoxifen citrate) can minimize the risk of invasive breast cancer. It is worthwhile to note that Tamoxifen citrate is well tolerated in males with breast cancer and safety profile of the drug in males is similar to that noticed in women.

Sportsmen using anabolic steroids and performance enhancing drugs like Dianabol, Anadrol, and Testosterone derivatives often make use of Nolvadex (Tamoxifen citrate) and medical studies in the past have suggested that use of this antiestrogen is associated with dramatic improvements in levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, and estrogen control.  Since use of Nolvadex is featured by its mild yet highly effective properties, it is often preferred compared to Arimidex, Femara and Aromasin since it does not prevent aromatization but plays the role of an estrogen antagonist, which is also useful in burning fat. The recommended dose of Nolvadex for patients with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) is 20 mg daily for 5 years while sportsmen on steroids use it in doses of 20-45 mg per day, with or without food.

Nolvadex (Tamoxifen citrate) abuse can lead to side effects, which may be mild or severe, including hypercalcemia, peripheral edema, distaste for food, pruritus vulvae, depression, dizziness, light-headedness, headache, hair thinning and/or partial hair loss, and vaginal dryness. In very rare cases, side effects like erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, bullous pemphigoid, interstitial pneumonitis and rare reports of hypersensitivity reactions including angioedema may happen.

Women keen to use Tamoxifen citrate should avoid getting pregnant for two months after last stopping its use and others should best use birth control methods that don’t use hormones like diaphragms with spermicide or plain intrauterine devices (IUDs). Moreover, breast-feeding is not recommended while using this drug as it is unknown of Nolvadex passes into breast milk or may cause potential risk to the infant. Nolvadex (Tamoxifen citrate) is not recommended to individuals suffering with high amount of calcium in the blood, severely decreased platelets, decreased white blood cells, cataracts, problems with eyesight, blood clot in lung, stroke, obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot, blood clot in a deep vein, pregnancy, or a mother who is producing milk and breastfeeding. A loss of sexual ability or interest may occur in men making use of Nolvadex.

HGH to treat various conditions in HIV infection

AIDS is considered as one of the most terrible diseases of modern times. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) also known as HIV infection. It is carried through blood, semen and other body fluids. This infectious disease destroys the defense system of human body and as a result even a minor disease becomes lethal enough to kill a person. The viral attack destroys the specific type of white blood cell, which is the chief component of body’s immune system.

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). The HIV retrovirus may be passed from one person to another when infected blood, semen, vaginal secretions or other bodily fluids come in contact with an uninfected person's broken skin or mucous membranes. People with HIV have what is called HIV infection and are fit and well. Some of these people will develop AIDS as a result of their HIV infection.

Growth hormone is a popular bodybuilding and performance enhancing aid, and the use of recombinant human growth hormone (rHGH, or simply GH) to treat various conditions in HIV infection has been debated with excitement for years. Indeed it is licensed for the treatment of wasting syndrome in advanced stages of AIDS. GH is also a commonly used bodybuilding and performance enhancing drug, which can be purchased on the black market; used to help both muscle anabolism / strength and reduction in body fat levels. Both of these applications have possible significance in the treatment of HIV.

Other than in the treatment of wasting disease, results from the studies using rHGH to treat body changes associated with HIV and/or drugs used to treat HIV have been very favourable. One which has been studied extensively is the use of rHGH in reducing HIV-associated adipose redistribution syndrome (HARS). However, the positive effects of HGH treatment in HIV may be more direct. Several studies have proposed that rHGH may bolster the immune system in ways that might improve clinical outcomes in HIV.


West and African countries are paying a lot of attention on AIDS, its growth and trying to find its cure. They are taking proper measures to inhibit its growth and making laws to control its spread. In 2007, it was reported by World Health Organization that the number of AIDS patients in Pakistan is 70,000 – 90,000 and the number is continuously increasing. It is estimated that by now about 30 – 50 million people are affected by this fatal disease over the world and out of that over 3 millions are children.  Protein build muscles and maintain a strong immune system. Protein also helps prevent muscle wasting in HIV patients. Carbohydrate-rich foods provide energy needed to fight HIV infection. Increased intake of carbohydrates also helps prevent the breakdown of proteins in the body to produce energy. Examples of high-protein and high-calorie foods suitable for HIV patients include include protein drinks, milk shakes, powdered milk, shredded milk, yogurt, meat, fish and milk.

Some adults with very good and healthy livers manage to clean out all liver stones in only 3-5 cleanses. Skin of those people is extremely beautiful, soft and healthy, before, and especially after cleanses. Other people get stones out every time they do a cleanse, regardless of cleanse frequency. The liver of these people is able to generate hundreds of new stones (something like process of crystallization inside intrahepatic bile ducts, bile starts crystallizing and stones start growing) in just a few days or a few weeks.The skin of those people is as not healthy as skin of those from the previous group. New stones are usually of tan-green color, almost transparent, pure cholesterol, bile salts and toxins (heavy metals, mercury from food and amalgam, cadmium, lead, and others). Old stones can have more different colors, more pigment, more different salts and if cut across, one will see layers, which can not be easily seen in stones created in a very short time. If your liver keeps producing stones constantly, you can do 1 cleanse every two months.

People who do cleanse regularly, will dramatically reduce their chances for getting Cancer, Arthritis, Diabetes, AIDS, and many other diseases. Cleanse will help to keep toxins and parasites away, and will keep you in a good mood. For people who already suffer from Cancer, Arthritis, Diabetes, AIDS, the liver cleanse is a vital step in regaining health. It is always much easier to prevent diseases, than to regain health, once you are sick. Don’t blame your liver for making gallstones constantly. Be happy that your liver is still able to pack all the bad toxins inside small marbles, so that they are not reabsorbed with your intestines. Liver and Gallbladder cleanse is the single MOST powerful way to improve your health in  just 24 hrs. Toxins from parasites also kill intestinal flora, beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Bifidumbacter Bifidus, etc. Without intestinal flora, Candida Albicans and other yeast grow inside your bowel without control. Toxins produced by the Candida yeast family can cause many diseases. Candida can escape from the bowel, and cause a lot of troubles on your skin, inside your muscles (Fibromyalgia, CFS), inside your brain (brain fog), and generally decrease your immunity, making you more susceptible to any other infection.

Womens and effective anabolic steroid Oxandrolone

If you want a highly effective yet safe and affordable anabolic steroid for cutting cycles, lean muscle building cycles, or fat loss, Anavar or Oxandrolone would be an ideal choice for you. This derivative of dihydrotestosterone increases nitrogen retention which leads to higher retention of protein, making it an excellent choice for muscle building and maintenance during a cutting steroid cycle as this steroid can easily hold onto muscles while the users are on a low calorie diet. Steroid use among women can be traced back to the 1960s with the German Democratic Republic doping program. This government funded program supplied performance enhancing drugs to thousands of male and female athletes over the span of several decades. During this time period there seemed to be little regard to the side effects of these drugs that were given to female athletes to increase performance. This resulted in irreversible side effects that have been well documented. Anabolic steroids such as Oral Turinabol, Mestanolone, and Testosterone were given to women just as they were given to men during the GDR doping program. These steroids all have an androgenic rating much too high to be considered safe for women to use. Although many records were broken and medals were won during this time period, there were heavy prices paid by many of the female athletes in the long run such as facial hair growth, deepening of the voice, hardening of facial features, and liver damage.

It is five times as anabolic as testosterone, but only a fifth as androgenic. These properties make this compound a great choice for women because it can be taken at a low dose without the side effects that accompany other highly androgenic steroids that cause masculinity effects in women. This drug was first marketed under the trade name Anavar. Oxandrolone was primarily designed for use in women and children for treating disorders that cause involuntary muscle loss while promoting muscle growth. This anabolic steroid is extremely popular among those participating in weight-based sports and body building as Anavar is second to none when it comes to possessing lean muscle building qualities and promoting huge strength gains and fat loss effects. This performance enhancing drug is also commonly used for achieving mass, fat loss, lean muscle, and strength gains and is often stacked with testosterone enanthate, injectable Winstrol, Oral Winstrol, and Sustanon 250. Some of the other legal anabolic steroids and performance enhancing drugs with which it can be stacked are Trenbolone and Primbolan.

Oxandrolone is a synthetic anabolic steroid that is a dihydrotestosterone derivative with an oxygen atom replacing the 2 carbon and methylation in the 17 position. Unlike most 17-alpha alkylated steroids, this drug’s toxicity level is, relatively speaking, mild. This tends to be a major factor contributing to Oxandrolone’s popularity. Since this oral steroid is a DHT derivative it will not convert to estrogen. There is little to no water retention with the use of Oxandrolone, and this has made this a drug of choice with athletes that compete in weight classes.

Oxandrolone was surprisingly discontinued in 1989 due to bad publicity after a report of being abused by bodybuilders. This drug seemed to be the safest being used for burn victims and HIV/AIDS patients to slow muscle wasting. It would have seemed more logical to stop the production of more dangerous steroids that were being abused instead of Oxandrolone, but that was not the case. Oxandrolone was later picked up by Savient Pharmaceuticals in 1995 under the trade name Oxandrin.

Oxandrolone has remained popular but has been a highly counterfeited drug due to the high price of raw materials. Stanozolol (Winstrol) has often been the drug used to replace Oxandrolone when it is counterfeited due to much cheaper prices, and similarities in gains. People will generally experience more side effects with Winstrol, especially with women. Raw material prices have dropped dramatically with China and India becoming such a large part of the steroid market and this has resulted in less counterfeits than ever before with this drug.

Oxandrolone is not known for packing on as much muscle mass as some other more androgenic steroids, but it will increase muscle density, hardness, and strength that is very noticeable in women, especially if they have never used anabolic steroids in the past. As with all anabolic steroids, dosage is key with maximizing gains and minimizing side effects. Oxandrolone can be dosed pretty low for women to see noticeable changes.

When starting Oxandrolone for the first time, a woman would generally start out with about 5mg per day split up into to 2, 2.5mg doses with about 8 hours in between each dose. If there are no side effects such as moodiness or acne with this dose, then the dose can probably be increased to 10mg per day. When taking 10mg per day, it will be split into 2 even doses with 8 hours in between as well.
Women seem to be much more sensitive to anabolic steroids than men, and they will often experience the most side effects, especially with highly androgenic compounds. With that being said, I feel that Oxandrolone would be the best choice if a woman decides to step over the line and turn to anabolic steroids. There are many other drugs out there that women do take to increase performance, and in doing so they often sacrifice femininity.

Masteron vs Equipoise – which is better for athlets to gain muscle?

Masteron and Equipoise are two different medicines used to gain body mass. They are actually types of steroids. Steroids are chemical compound that helps our body to keep proteins that help in muscle growth process.

Masteron is also called Drostanolone Propionate and it has a form of pills. That means that you take it oral, not intravenously. Masteron is used in small amounts of pills per day, so you don’t have to take large quantity to have good results in the end. Masteron, just like any other type of steroids, have side effects. But side effects that can appear while taking this medicine are on their minimum, which is why Masteron is considered as the best solution compared to other steroids. Besides Masteron, there are many more effective and stronger steroids, but they also have bigger side effects and many other disadvantages.

You can get the best results from this medicine if you combine it with other steroids, like Dianabol, which is the most used steroid in history (and also the oldest one). You can also combine it with Anadrol and you will get the same results as you have used Dianabol. It’s not recommended to use just Masteron, you should always combine it with another steroid type. Equipoise actually used to be a veterinary steroid. Today is steroid just like any other and it’s compared to Masteron, Primobolan, Deca and Trenbolone. All these types of steroids will do the same thing in the end – help you get body mass. There is only one side effect you can get from this medicine is increased appetite. Equipoise cycles need to be long, because it won’t have effect you want to get. Also Equipoise has great positive things, it should be your first steroid choice. It contains molecule that is similar to Boldenone, type of testosterone.

You should contact your doctor, he is the person you will know what is the best for you. Choosing a steroid type is not so simple. What steroid will you use depends on your organism and you physical condition. So it’s always the best not to take steroids on your own. But, when the choice is up to these two, let’s compare them. Actually, they produce the same effect in the end. From this point of view, you will get the same results with the Masteron or Equipoise. Amount that you have to take is also pretty much the same.  So there is no difference with the doses, also. Equipoise is actually just a little cheaper that the Masteron. If price is not relevant factor for you, it’s still up to you to decide which steroid you will buy.

Both of these medicines have little side effects. But doctors prefer Equipoise rather than Masteron, but it’s individually. Both of them can produce hair loss, for example. But this is the risk that should be familiar to you from the beginning. Almost every steroid have this type of side effect, some of them affect your skin, for example. You shouldn’t take any steroid if you are not aware of all possible side effects. It’s really up to you if you are going to stack these two steroids. Stacking steroids means combining them to get better results. You just have to combine them well, and that your doctor have to decide what doses will you be taking. Cycles should be at least 8 weeks long.

This is up to you. No one can tell you which one is better, both of these steroids are great. You have to consult your doctor and compare all good and bad sides these steroids have. Masteron and Equipoise are actually the same thing with different name. You can be sure that in the end you will have the result that you want, no matter which one do u use.

Psychological stress may negatively affect testosterone

Testosterone peaks during adolescence. Conversely, medical authorities indicate testosterone levels begin to decline by about 1% a year after age 30. Many people, especially athletes, turn to synthetic forms of testosterone to combat age-related and deficient-levels of testosterone for ergogenic improvements. However, did you know there are ways to raise testosterone naturally? By making some adjustments in your life, you will be able combat decreasing testosterone. Getting adequate sleep is one way to optimize healthy hormonal levels. Sleep deprivation can be dangerous to your health, and according to a study published in the June issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), men who slept less than five hours a night for one week experienced notably lower testosterone levels than when they were able to get a good night's rest. Eve Van Cauter, PhD, a professor of medicine and director of the study says 15% of the US population get less than five hours of sleep a night.

So, turn off the late night television and set a regular bed time. Sleeping for 7-8 hours is ideal. But if you are ruled by your busy schedule, try to make up for lost sleep with naps. Keep in mind, napping too late in the afternoon might affect your night's sleep.

Mediate Oestrogen Levels:
That's right, oestrogen is also found in men. Aromatase is a synthase responsible for converting testosterone to oestrogen. Fortunately, zinc inhibits aromatase, reducing testosterone's conversion into oestrogen.

Groups at risk for zinc deficiency include vegetarians and those with gastrointestinal diseases. Healthy daily levels of zinc in adults range from 8mg - 40mg. Some people may consume more than this in a single day, and medical authorities warn excessive long term zinc consumption may result in abdominal cramps and nausea. Cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower, cabbage and broccoli contain indoles. Indoles are clinically shown to regulate harmful oestrogen levels in the body. Eating said vegetables will not only raise testosterone but a study shows high cruciferous vegetable intake is associated with decreases in prostate cancer.

Lose Weight:
There is a good chance that if you are overweight, you are crippling your testosterone production. Obese men are less likely to have normal free-testosterone concentrations.

In one study, researchers analyzed 1,849 men's free-testosterone levels. Research revealed 40% of obese non-diabetic men and 50% obese diabetic men had below-normal free testosterone concentrations. Researchers remark "Obesity is probably the condition most frequently associated with subnormal free testosterone concentrations in men." So, if you are overweight, shed some pounds. Keep eating those previously mentioned healthy cruciferous vegetables and even throw in some meat. Protein increases satiety and decreases snacking after meals.

Although found in many tasty foods, sugar can be detrimental to testosterone levels. One study perfectly illustrates sugar's negative effects: Researchers gave 74 men a sugary solution of 75g pure glucose. After ingestion, testosterone levels were measured in all test subjects. Researchers discovered, regardless of whether the men had diabetes or not, testosterone blood levels decreased as much as 25%. The study indicates insulin didn't seem to affect results, nor did other hormonal levels. If you must snack on something sugary, make it healthy. To fulfil that sugar craving, try adding 1 tablespoon peanut butter to celery sticks for under 5g carbohydrates. Or look for sugar-free confectionery.

Exercise:
Strength training increases testosterone levels. Testosterone levels were measured in both young (23 years) and elderly (63) test subjects prior to and after participating in resistance training during a 12-week study. According to the blood samples collected, testosterone levels increased in both groups, although the younger group experienced greater increases. Additionally, high testosterone levels and exercise synergistic-ally affect muscle size.

Optimize your workouts by doing compound exercises. Compound exercises incorporate muscle fibres from various muscle groups. Exercises include dead lift, squat and bench press. Also lift heavier weight at lower reps so more force is placed on the muscles.

Manage Stress:
There are several promising studies and hypothesis showing psychological stress may negatively affect testosterone. Though how and why stress affects testosterone is still being studied. Some claim higher stress-induced cortisol levels may be a reason, but this is subject for debate.

One study published in the Archives of General Psychiatry in 1972 shows plasma testosterone levels were lower in young men enrolled in Officer Candidate School during the early, stressful part of the course as compared with levels during the senior phase. Another study analyzed serum testosterone levels in male subjects (30-55 years) suffering from higher levels of anxiety, hostility and depression. Those subjects with higher psychological stress had lower testosterone levels than the subjects who did not. Interestingly, cortisol concentrations in both groups were the same.

Testosterone is more than just a term used by men to justify athletic prowess and manliness, it is the essential hormone in maintaining several aspects of men's health. Testosterone levels are associated with bone density, muscle strength and mass, sex drive and even fat distribution.

Methenolone (Primobolan) and athletes with chronic immune disorders

Methenolone (Primobolan) is generally advised in case of men suffering from the deficiency of a hormone known as androgen in men. In some rare instances this drug has also been advised to treat a condition known as aplastic anaemia which is mainly characterized by the deficiency of blood cells.

In some other instances it has been advised to counter the abnormal weight loss associated with certain disorders or following major trauma. It is illegal to obtain and use Primobolan without being prescribed by the doctor.

Effects on the body:
Primobolan has been advised for women suffering with breast cancer in some instances as it has been believed to aid in the reduction of the tumour size. The anabolic steroids such as Primobolan reduce the excretion of nitrogen from the tissue.

This retention of nitrogen within the muscle tissues aids in the building of muscle mass to a certain extent. The muscle building effect may be present to a certain extent while no clear evidence about enhancement in athletic performance has been observed with the use of Primobolan.

Primobolan supposedly burns fat thereby reducing its amount in the body. This effect of Primobolan has increased its popularity among athletes who look at building a lean mass with less fat in their body. Further it has been stated that Primobolan prevents wasting of muscles and reverses the effects of anaemia. Anabolic steroids may enhance the formation of blood cells in some instances. In case of individuals suffering from chronic immune disorders such as AIDS, Primobolan has been advised as immune booster drug. Being described as Arnold Schwarzenegger’s favourite steroid, Primobolan is widely abused in sports and bodybuilding. It is considered that it Primobolan builds strength with adding bulk to the muscles. Primobolan is generally more favored by athletes as it helps them to maintain a lean body mass while improving the ability of the muscles to contract. Also it has been proposed that it is not associated with the common side-effects of other steroids such as acne, water retention, infertility and others. In case of body builders, it is used during the bulking or cutting cycles.

Primobolan is considered a fairly weak steroid. Its anabolic/androgenic ratings are low and it’s one of the weakest steroids on paper; though, it is stronger than masteron. Since Masteron is always related to cutting cycles, on paper primo should gain credibility as a cutting steroid.

Primo has a huge advantage over most steroids, as it’s stronger than testosterone at binding to the androgen receptor. As with most dihydrotestosterone (DHT) related AAS, it’s a good aid for fat loss. In addition, Primo doesn’t aromatize, so you won’t need an aromatase inhibitor (AI) or SERM with it. Interesting fact, Primobolan was tested by old-school bodybuilders as gynecomastia (gyno) treatment back in the 70s and 80s. As strange as it sounds, it has been medically proven to reduce breast tumors in women (which are mainly estrogen related).

Since primobolan increases nitrogen retention, it’s been touted as anti-catabolic and somewhat anabolic (which can be disputed). In simple terms, it helps you keep your muscle mass while you’re dieting. That’s one of the biggest reasons it’s used on cutting cycles. Anecdotally, evidence shows that by using primobolan during low-calorie diets (even 20-30% below your BMR), you can keep your current lean muscle while gaining new muscle tissue. While this seems to be against basic understanding of nutrition, we’ll chuck this one to the magic of steroids. Primobolan can be used alone for a first cycle at doses of 300-400mg/wk injected of the preparation Primobolan Depot or Enanthate. However, Methenolone will lower natural testosterone levels and may then impact sex drive and erectile function, so this is not optimal.
Primobolan can be used alone, but you must realise this is not optimal. Yes, you may experience gains in strength and lean body mass, but the effects will not be as pronounced if the anabolic steroid is not combined even with a low dose of Testosterone. Let’s assume you’re going to run it alone and discuss the doses to suit. Primobolan Enathate is one of the more common forms of Primbolan on the black market. Schering is dosed at 100mg/ml, meaning an effective dose and amount is 300-400mg/wk, which is 3-4ml injected intramuscular. The same dose can be used whether cutting or bulking or used alone or in combination with other steroids. A dose of 50mg every day or 100mg every other day is advised for Primobolan Acetate or 100mg every day in pill form orally.

Cycle and dosing info for Primo:
Although Primo is a quality steroid, as said it is rather week. Also due to the fact that it contains (in injectable form) an enanthate ester, anything under 400mg per week is rather a pointless use of Primo and a waste of money. Generally with AS, more does not always mean better (due to side-effects and other issues), however in the case of Primo more does definitely equal better. If stacking Primo with testosterone, 400-800mg per week will be an effective dose, with obviously the higher doses being the most effective. Primo will have two main effects in such a stack. Firstly it will seem to amplify the effects of test, so 500mg of Test Enanthate may seem like 750mg or more. Secondly, Primo is very forgiving with one's diet. Quality muscle can still be obtained at a steady rate even with one's diet being off from time to time. However, with a spot-on diet, Primo and test will work wonders.

For those who would want to use Primo on its own or without test, you would really need to use a minimum of 600-800mg per week. If you can afford it, 1000mg per week of Primo will highly reward the user. Some people often ask about using Primo with Trenbolone. This can be done, however without test one must realise that you are likely to be quite shut down, and it is likely you would need some sex medicines as well as HCG. Despite this, for those that want a test-less cycle, Primo and Tren is a great cutting cycle. My ultimate cutting cycle however is one that incorporates Primo, Test Prop and Tren Acetate. Another very good cutting cycle that is test-free would be Primo (600-1000mg per week) with Anavar (60-80mg per day).

Due to the enanthate ester that is attached to the Methenolone base in Primo, it really should not be run for less than 8 weeks. Primo is also useful at a high dose for those who use higher doses of test and experience appetite loss from this. Primo doesn't cause such appetite loss, thus when bulking this can give a chance for diet to be spot-on. Primo does suppress and shut you down as said, however it is roughly about half as suppressive as test, so a 12 week Primo cycle would shut you down similar to a 6 week test cycle. For this reason, Primo alone can be run up to 20 weeks without fear of a very difficult recovery in PCT.

Female Primobolan Doses:
Primobolan is widely used by females due to its low anabolic and androgenic rating. This means that it will be an excellent choice for women due to the low incidence of temporary and permanent side effects. These include virilisation and are common place with the more anabolic and androgenic steroids. Symptoms, such as, deepening of vocal chords, acne, hair growth and hair loss, jaw growth and enlargement of sexual organs can occur. This can happen even when steroid doses are not considered abuse. Primobolan, generally, is a safe anabolic steroid for women to use – in the right doses. For both bulking and cutting cycle, it’s advised that more than 100mg/wk of legit pharmaceutical grade Primobolan should be used. If any side effects do occur, stop Primobolan use immediately or risk the fact of permanent sides.

Benefits of the thyroid hormone T4

Synthetic forms of the thyroid hormone T4 are generally called levothyroxine, and they are considered the standard treatment for hypothyroidism. Though they are man-made, synthetic T4 hormones are exactly the same as the T4 that is produced and released by the thyroid gland.

Synthroid is the most commonly-prescribed brand of T4 for hypothyroidism. It delivers a steady, prolonged dose of T4. There is also a generic form of T4 available, which is more cost-effective than brand-name medications. Fortunately, it's also equally as effective. Synthroid (levothyroxine) is a replacement for a hormone normally produced by your thyroid gland to regulate the body's energy and metabolism. Levothyroxine is given when the thyroid does not produce enough of this hormone on its own.

Synthroid treats hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone). Synthroid is also used to treat or prevent goiter (enlarged thyroid gland), which can be caused by hormone imbalances, radiation treatment, surgery, or cancer.

All the approved brands of T4 are bio equivalent. In other words, there is no significant difference in their composition. However, that does not mean that these brands are exactly the same. The bio availability of a given brand at a given time after ingestion might be different. That's why much of the endocrinology community—the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, The Endocrine Society, and the American Thyroid Association—believe that once you start with a brand, you should stick with it. If you change brands during treatment, you risk altering your hormone levels. That means your symptoms may return and you may need to adjust your dose. Changing brands may change the dose slightly, which in turn may change how you feel. Thyroid hormone controls the rate of metabolism. When the thyroid is under active, all body processes slow down and symptoms such as weight gain, fatigue, and decreased body temperature are experienced. Through supplementation of thyroid hormones, basal metabolic rate will be increased.

Thyroid hormones are essential to proper development of all cells in body. These hormones allow for the body to become more sensitive to all other hormones, in turn making them more effective. Thyroid hormones also regulate macronutrient (protein, fat and carbohydrate) metabolism, therefore increasing protein synthesis and ultimately energy. This allows for the body to burn more calories and use them more sufficiently. For this reason, thyroid hormones are commonly used as fat-loss drugs.

This medicine does not typically cause side effects as long as proper dosages are administered. However some drawbacks of Thyroid drug use are cardiac stress and possible loss of lean body mass. Negative feedback in the thyroid can decrease natural production of thyroid hormone, causing short term decrease of metabolic rate after use is discontinued.

Determining Dosage:
Finding your ideal T4 dosage is essential. The right dosage keeps hypothyroidism from interfering with your life. The wrong dosage can make it an even bigger problem than it was before you sought treatment.

Getting the right dosage is important, but don't expect the dosage you start out with to be the dosage that you eventually keep. Doctors often use weight as a guideline for determining dosage. Some use the formula of 1.6 micrograms of T4 for every 1 kilogram (or 2.2 pounds) of weight for a starting dosage. Others prefer a more conservative approach, starting patients at a very low dose (perhaps as low as 25 micrograms). Note the 1.6 micrograms is a full replacement dose. This means that if part of your thyroid still functions properly, you won't need this full dose because you will continue to make some of their own T4, in addition to the dose in the pill.

Because it's common for dosages to change at the start of treatment, your doctor will likely monitor your thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels after two or three months (though some doctors check as soon as four weeks) from your first day of treatment. And since hormone replacement therapy is usually a lifelong treatment, you should get checked every year to make sure you're taking the right dose if you're on a stable dose. You should communicate with your doctor more frequently if your dose is being adjusted.

Doctors often err on the side of caution when prescribing starting dosages of T4 for a variety of reasons. For one, starting at a low dose and moving up lets your heart get used to the increased metabolism. Also, they don't want to induce hyperthyroidism—a condition caused by high levels of thyroid hormones. You can learn more about the symptoms of over-treatment below.

Even with a moderate dose of T4, some patients are susceptible to over-treatment symptoms. Elderly patients with weaker hearts and people with heart arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat) are especially sensitive to thyroid hormone. Generally, doctors like to start a slightly lower dose in these patients, in order not to cause or worsen irregular heart beats.

Be aware that when and how you take medication does influence its effectiveness. For example, thyroid medication should not be taken with calcium or iron. Both of these minerals bind with thyroid hormone and make it unavailable for your body's use.

Thus, you should avoid milk products two hours before and after taking thyroid medication. There are also some medications that alter T4 levels.

Aspirin, danazol and propanolol have been shown to increase T4 levels and furosemide, methadone, lithium, aluminum-containing antacids, colestipol, and rifampicin have been shown to decrease T4 levels.

There are also some unique interactions. Progesterone and estrogen are substances that can bind with T4, but also tend to increase T3 levels. Anabolic steroids tend to decrease thyroid hormone levels. Finally, thyroid hormone can suppress insulin, an important consideration for diabetics and bodybuilders using insulin.

Finally, if diagnosed with hypothyroidism, you will be taking medication for the rest of your life.

Below are some of the symptoms of over-treatment:
    Feeling hot and sweating more than normal
    Shaking (hand tremors)
    Heart palpitations
    Having difficulty falling asleep
    Having mood swings
    Experiencing mental "fuzziness" (forgetfulness, loss of concentration)
    Experiencing muscle weakness
    Losing weight
    Menstrual irregularities

If you experience any of these symptoms throughout the duration of your hypothyroidism treatment, talk to your doctor immediately. He or she will first check your blood tests, before deciding on a dose.

Aicar impressive drug for fat-loss

Professional bodybuilders often talk freely about their nutritional, training and supplementation programs, aspects of bodybuilding that are of critical importance to their success onstage. One subject that is not often discussed is the role anabolic/androgenic steroids play in "assisting" gains in muscle size and conditioning at the pro level.

Many pro bodybuilders are reticent about their association with various steroids and other anabolic substances, although the fans and administrators know these enhancers are widely used to the point where there is now, and has been for quite some time, a reliance on these drugs among users who desire competitive equality.

Given the lack of discussion on AA steroids, one might be led to think they are not entirely necessary for competitive success, that they don't have any special growth enhancing properties.

Aicar (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside, acadesine) is each of several interesting things. First, it’s an important pharmacological research agent, used principally as an AMPK activator. It’s a compound which has shown extremely impressive fat-loss and endurance-enhancing effects in laboratory animals. Further, it has considerable mystique resulting from at least some use by elite European cyclists. And lastly, it’s readily available from research chemical sites and is being personally tried by many, though generally as part of stacks and combined with changes in training and diet. AICAR – full name  aminoimidazole carboxamide riboside (also with the drug name acadesine) is a drug under development and in clinical trials for various treatments.  The drug is a target for use in various metabolic disorders, obesity and possibly for use in heart operations to prevent damage to tissues.  During animal testing AICAR was evaluated for effects on endurance in mice.  The results showed an improvement of up to 44% in treadmill tests after 4 weeks using the drug without training!  Another study looked at whether GW1516 and AICAR combined was as effective at getting fit compared with GW1516 plus exercise.  The effects were very similar.  This means that gains can be made in fitness using GW1516 and AICAR without training!  This was dubbed ‘exercise in a bottle’ in the media a few years ago. The conclusion is that AICAR makes the body think it has exercised.  This trick is classed as ‘gene doping’ by WADA and AICAR is prohibited in all sports at all times.

Scientific study based on animal test subjects has detmined that AICAR can play a hand in boosting these processes because it contains the ability to penetrate cardiac cells and block the production of enzymes tied to regulating glucose intake and energy expulsion.  With these regulatory enzymes inhibited, the affected cells can in turn boost the amount of glucose that can be received, and it can also increase its level of energy conversion.  Additionally, the peptide’s presence has been determined to aid in lowering programmed cell death, a process that is also known as apoptosis.

Ultimately, all of these elevated processes combine to provide an animal test subject an easier time in which it can achieve a level of homeostasis.

Because of the way in which AICAR has been shown to function, scientific study based on animal test subjects has determined that the peptide can be responsible for the following elevated processes:

    - Increased endurance – Because AICAR has been shown to possess the ability to boost energy conversion and make the entire process happen more efficiently, scientific study based on animal test subjects allows for an animal test subject to experience a boosted level of activity for a much longer stretch of time.
    - Elevated rate of fat burning – Because AICAR causes an animal test subject’s cells to convert energy on a significantly elevated basis, scientific study has derived that the subjects’ bodies have a tendency to break down fat cells quicker as a means to balance out this efficiency increase.  That being said, these scientific studies have determined that this process is only effective in the event that animal test subject maintains a consistent diet and does not increase its intake of food.

According to scientific study that has been based on animal test subjects, it has been determined that AICAR possesses a positive link in combating insulin resistance.  This condition is physiological in nature, and is built on a cellular unit’s inability to respond to normal reactions brought about by secretions of insulin.  Studies have shown that the peptide has an ability to enhance a proper cellular response to insulin secretions.  The action of lowering insulin resistance within an animal test subject can be directly linked to AICAR’s faculty to promote the uptake of glucose; a process that is also vital for the overall growth and repair of muscular and skeletal tissue.

AICAR and Cardiac Arrest:
Scientific study based on animal test subjects has also determined that AICAR can play a key role in the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrest.  Because the presence of the peptide has been shown to promote a more efficient means of carrying glucose to cells, it is believed that this action can serve to counteract a deficiency in glucose carriage during an episode of cardiac arrest, a condition that is in part caused by a lack of fuel needed to convert the energy needed to provide homeostasis.  Furthermore, it has been deduced that these same abilities may allow the peptide to act as a stabilizing agent in the wake of cardiac arrest episode. Ultimately, AICAR is thought to be able to reduce the risk of cardiac arrest from occurring, or at the very least, minimizing the resultant damage if it does occur. Although there are tests available for AICAR in urine samples – published several years ago – it appears that no athletes have yet been caught using the drug. 

The method may not be in routine use as yet due to various difficulties in interpretation.  The drug is naturally present in urine, excreted by the kidneys, even if you have not used the drug.  There are various difficulties with this approach such as: the need to have a statistically significant sample for baseline evaluation; to ensure that there are not people who are naturally going to have very high levels (and be tested ‘positive’); to determine whether any illness or disease would increase the urinary excretion; to ensure those using the drug will be tested positive; and hopefully develop a second confirmatory method. A perfect candidate for this method would be isotope ratio mass spectrometry, which allows differentiation of naturally occurring compounds and pharmaceutical preparations and is currently used to detect testosterone administration.

The benefits of Testosterone Cypionate in bodybuilding life

Testosterone Cypionate is one of the most popular forms of testosterone the world over and the most commonly used testosterone in hormone replacement therapy. Testosterone Cypionate is an injectable steroid that is used as a hormone replacement therapy for males who do not make enough testosterone themselves. The controlled substance Testosterone Cypionate is sometimes also used by weight lifters to increase their strength, but it is not FDA-approved for this use. Testosterone Cypionate is injected into the gluteal muscles of the buttocks. The manufacturer of testosterone Cypionate, recommended dosage varies according to the man's size and specific medical condition. The drug is manufactured at a strength of 200 mg/ml. Men who take Testosterone Cypionate should be well aware of the risks of using the drug. One of the risks associated with this type of hormone treatment is a compromise of liver function. Cancerous and non-cancerous tumors and cysts may appear on the liver, especially if the treatment with Testosterone Cypionate is prolonged.

Higher-than-normal levels of calcium in the blood, a condition called hypercalcemia is a risk of using this form of androgen hormone. Hypercalcemia can cause muscle twitching and weakness, kidney stones, nausea, depression and bone pain. Paddock Labs states that patients who develop high blood calcium levels should stop using the medication. A very powerful anabolic and androgenic hormone, Testosterone Cypionate is equal in both regards and is one of the most efficient and effective hormones we can use for almost any purpose. To understand Testosterone Cypionate we only need to understand the hormone testosterone and once we do we can understand how the various esters available, in this case Cypionate affect its mode of action. 

Testosterone is a hormone naturally produced by both men and women responsible for a host of functions; most notably muscle and bone growth, regeneration and male sexual characteristics. While men produce nearly ten times as much testosterone as women both require adequate amounts of this androgen class hormone in order to maintain a proper endocrine system. For those who suffer from low levels of testosterone, as Testosterone Cypionate is a pure form of testosterone it is often used to combat this condition and return levels to a more suitable level. Those who suffer from low testosterone levels commonly find their libido to be reduced, fat gain and muscle loss to occur, as well as immune system deficiencies and even depression. As you can easily see testosterone is a very important hormone and with it's many functions, when we increase levels beyond a normal range, as is the purposes in performance enhancing we effectively increase the attributes associated with this powerful anabolic androgenic steroid.

The benefits of Testosterone Cypionate are truly immense and provide every trait one would be after through the use of anabolic steroids. By its mode of action Testosterone Cypionate has the ability to increase both strength and size to a large degree which is by-in-large the principle desire of any anabolic steroid user. Further, because increased lean tissue improves our metabolic rate and because Testosterone Cypionate affects muscle wasting hormones in a positive manner body-fat is often reduced when the steroid is used.

You need to understand, using Testosterone Cypionate will not automatically lead you to gaining massive amounts of muscle tissue on its own, if a large muscular physique is what you are after you have to feed it but by doing so in conjunction with testosterone therapy we increase the efficiency of the food we are eating which can lead to a more muscular physique. Further, in the same light yet in the opposite direction, those who are after a leaner physique find Testosterone Cypionate to be a perfect choice as its mode of action aids in preserving lean muscle mass when on a calorie restricted diet. Plus, when dieting, the more muscle mass we can hold onto the greater our metabolic rate will be, the greater our fat-loss will be and the more pleasing our physique will be in the end.

Doses of 200-100mg a week are common using Testosterone Cypionate, with excellent results found midway at about 500 mg or less for the first time user and between 500-1000mg weekly for the more advanced athlete. Testosterone stacks well with anything and is also great when used alone. When stacked with another anabolic-androgenic steroid, distinct androgenic effects may be seen. Using cypionate will improve regenerative capacity as well as training aggressiveness which results in significant increases in overall strength during the course of the cycle.

Testosterone Cypionate is a long acting, single ester testosterone product. It has a length of 8 carbons, and is stored mostly in the adipose tissue when injected intra-muscularly. It is slowly and steadily released in the body after it is injected. The blood levels of cypionate peak 24-48 hours after injection and then decline slowly. The blood levels reach a steady point 12 days after initial injection and stay there for over three weeks. Cypionate is normally injected once a week, which makes the very lowest dose higher than half the peak dose at any given time. Any testosterone, as the king of mass builders, are cost effective products and important for any steroid stack. Used alone, the user can expect to see some significant gains. The long acting nature of cypionate allows the user to inject less frequently while maintaining stable blood levels. Testosterone cypionate is a good choice for the first time steroid user. A simple cycle consisting of 500 mg of cypionate weekly for 10 weeks, with ancillaries on hand, and standard post cycle therapy makes a good first cycle and can create some excellent gains in muscle mass. Along with those gains will come some gains in fat as well as water rentention, but that is a standard part of bulking up and should be expected. Enanthate or cypionate are also normally preferred over sustanon for a first cycle, due to the inability to maintain stable blood levels of sustanon while at the same time minimizing injection frequency. For maximum efficiency, every day or every other day injections of sustanon are normally administered. This is unnecessary while using cypionate due to its extreme length of action.