Methenolone (Primobolan) and athletes with chronic immune disorders

Methenolone (Primobolan) is generally advised in case of men suffering from the deficiency of a hormone known as androgen in men. In some rare instances this drug has also been advised to treat a condition known as aplastic anaemia which is mainly characterized by the deficiency of blood cells.

In some other instances it has been advised to counter the abnormal weight loss associated with certain disorders or following major trauma. It is illegal to obtain and use Primobolan without being prescribed by the doctor.

Effects on the body:
Primobolan has been advised for women suffering with breast cancer in some instances as it has been believed to aid in the reduction of the tumour size. The anabolic steroids such as Primobolan reduce the excretion of nitrogen from the tissue.

This retention of nitrogen within the muscle tissues aids in the building of muscle mass to a certain extent. The muscle building effect may be present to a certain extent while no clear evidence about enhancement in athletic performance has been observed with the use of Primobolan.

Primobolan supposedly burns fat thereby reducing its amount in the body. This effect of Primobolan has increased its popularity among athletes who look at building a lean mass with less fat in their body. Further it has been stated that Primobolan prevents wasting of muscles and reverses the effects of anaemia. Anabolic steroids may enhance the formation of blood cells in some instances. In case of individuals suffering from chronic immune disorders such as AIDS, Primobolan has been advised as immune booster drug. Being described as Arnold Schwarzenegger’s favourite steroid, Primobolan is widely abused in sports and bodybuilding. It is considered that it Primobolan builds strength with adding bulk to the muscles. Primobolan is generally more favored by athletes as it helps them to maintain a lean body mass while improving the ability of the muscles to contract. Also it has been proposed that it is not associated with the common side-effects of other steroids such as acne, water retention, infertility and others. In case of body builders, it is used during the bulking or cutting cycles.

Primobolan is considered a fairly weak steroid. Its anabolic/androgenic ratings are low and it’s one of the weakest steroids on paper; though, it is stronger than masteron. Since Masteron is always related to cutting cycles, on paper primo should gain credibility as a cutting steroid.

Primo has a huge advantage over most steroids, as it’s stronger than testosterone at binding to the androgen receptor. As with most dihydrotestosterone (DHT) related AAS, it’s a good aid for fat loss. In addition, Primo doesn’t aromatize, so you won’t need an aromatase inhibitor (AI) or SERM with it. Interesting fact, Primobolan was tested by old-school bodybuilders as gynecomastia (gyno) treatment back in the 70s and 80s. As strange as it sounds, it has been medically proven to reduce breast tumors in women (which are mainly estrogen related).

Since primobolan increases nitrogen retention, it’s been touted as anti-catabolic and somewhat anabolic (which can be disputed). In simple terms, it helps you keep your muscle mass while you’re dieting. That’s one of the biggest reasons it’s used on cutting cycles. Anecdotally, evidence shows that by using primobolan during low-calorie diets (even 20-30% below your BMR), you can keep your current lean muscle while gaining new muscle tissue. While this seems to be against basic understanding of nutrition, we’ll chuck this one to the magic of steroids. Primobolan can be used alone for a first cycle at doses of 300-400mg/wk injected of the preparation Primobolan Depot or Enanthate. However, Methenolone will lower natural testosterone levels and may then impact sex drive and erectile function, so this is not optimal.
Primobolan can be used alone, but you must realise this is not optimal. Yes, you may experience gains in strength and lean body mass, but the effects will not be as pronounced if the anabolic steroid is not combined even with a low dose of Testosterone. Let’s assume you’re going to run it alone and discuss the doses to suit. Primobolan Enathate is one of the more common forms of Primbolan on the black market. Schering is dosed at 100mg/ml, meaning an effective dose and amount is 300-400mg/wk, which is 3-4ml injected intramuscular. The same dose can be used whether cutting or bulking or used alone or in combination with other steroids. A dose of 50mg every day or 100mg every other day is advised for Primobolan Acetate or 100mg every day in pill form orally.

Cycle and dosing info for Primo:
Although Primo is a quality steroid, as said it is rather week. Also due to the fact that it contains (in injectable form) an enanthate ester, anything under 400mg per week is rather a pointless use of Primo and a waste of money. Generally with AS, more does not always mean better (due to side-effects and other issues), however in the case of Primo more does definitely equal better. If stacking Primo with testosterone, 400-800mg per week will be an effective dose, with obviously the higher doses being the most effective. Primo will have two main effects in such a stack. Firstly it will seem to amplify the effects of test, so 500mg of Test Enanthate may seem like 750mg or more. Secondly, Primo is very forgiving with one's diet. Quality muscle can still be obtained at a steady rate even with one's diet being off from time to time. However, with a spot-on diet, Primo and test will work wonders.

For those who would want to use Primo on its own or without test, you would really need to use a minimum of 600-800mg per week. If you can afford it, 1000mg per week of Primo will highly reward the user. Some people often ask about using Primo with Trenbolone. This can be done, however without test one must realise that you are likely to be quite shut down, and it is likely you would need some sex medicines as well as HCG. Despite this, for those that want a test-less cycle, Primo and Tren is a great cutting cycle. My ultimate cutting cycle however is one that incorporates Primo, Test Prop and Tren Acetate. Another very good cutting cycle that is test-free would be Primo (600-1000mg per week) with Anavar (60-80mg per day).

Due to the enanthate ester that is attached to the Methenolone base in Primo, it really should not be run for less than 8 weeks. Primo is also useful at a high dose for those who use higher doses of test and experience appetite loss from this. Primo doesn't cause such appetite loss, thus when bulking this can give a chance for diet to be spot-on. Primo does suppress and shut you down as said, however it is roughly about half as suppressive as test, so a 12 week Primo cycle would shut you down similar to a 6 week test cycle. For this reason, Primo alone can be run up to 20 weeks without fear of a very difficult recovery in PCT.

Female Primobolan Doses:
Primobolan is widely used by females due to its low anabolic and androgenic rating. This means that it will be an excellent choice for women due to the low incidence of temporary and permanent side effects. These include virilisation and are common place with the more anabolic and androgenic steroids. Symptoms, such as, deepening of vocal chords, acne, hair growth and hair loss, jaw growth and enlargement of sexual organs can occur. This can happen even when steroid doses are not considered abuse. Primobolan, generally, is a safe anabolic steroid for women to use – in the right doses. For both bulking and cutting cycle, it’s advised that more than 100mg/wk of legit pharmaceutical grade Primobolan should be used. If any side effects do occur, stop Primobolan use immediately or risk the fact of permanent sides.

Benefits of the thyroid hormone T4

Synthetic forms of the thyroid hormone T4 are generally called levothyroxine, and they are considered the standard treatment for hypothyroidism. Though they are man-made, synthetic T4 hormones are exactly the same as the T4 that is produced and released by the thyroid gland.

Synthroid is the most commonly-prescribed brand of T4 for hypothyroidism. It delivers a steady, prolonged dose of T4. There is also a generic form of T4 available, which is more cost-effective than brand-name medications. Fortunately, it's also equally as effective. Synthroid (levothyroxine) is a replacement for a hormone normally produced by your thyroid gland to regulate the body's energy and metabolism. Levothyroxine is given when the thyroid does not produce enough of this hormone on its own.

Synthroid treats hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone). Synthroid is also used to treat or prevent goiter (enlarged thyroid gland), which can be caused by hormone imbalances, radiation treatment, surgery, or cancer.

All the approved brands of T4 are bio equivalent. In other words, there is no significant difference in their composition. However, that does not mean that these brands are exactly the same. The bio availability of a given brand at a given time after ingestion might be different. That's why much of the endocrinology community—the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, The Endocrine Society, and the American Thyroid Association—believe that once you start with a brand, you should stick with it. If you change brands during treatment, you risk altering your hormone levels. That means your symptoms may return and you may need to adjust your dose. Changing brands may change the dose slightly, which in turn may change how you feel. Thyroid hormone controls the rate of metabolism. When the thyroid is under active, all body processes slow down and symptoms such as weight gain, fatigue, and decreased body temperature are experienced. Through supplementation of thyroid hormones, basal metabolic rate will be increased.

Thyroid hormones are essential to proper development of all cells in body. These hormones allow for the body to become more sensitive to all other hormones, in turn making them more effective. Thyroid hormones also regulate macronutrient (protein, fat and carbohydrate) metabolism, therefore increasing protein synthesis and ultimately energy. This allows for the body to burn more calories and use them more sufficiently. For this reason, thyroid hormones are commonly used as fat-loss drugs.

This medicine does not typically cause side effects as long as proper dosages are administered. However some drawbacks of Thyroid drug use are cardiac stress and possible loss of lean body mass. Negative feedback in the thyroid can decrease natural production of thyroid hormone, causing short term decrease of metabolic rate after use is discontinued.

Determining Dosage:
Finding your ideal T4 dosage is essential. The right dosage keeps hypothyroidism from interfering with your life. The wrong dosage can make it an even bigger problem than it was before you sought treatment.

Getting the right dosage is important, but don't expect the dosage you start out with to be the dosage that you eventually keep. Doctors often use weight as a guideline for determining dosage. Some use the formula of 1.6 micrograms of T4 for every 1 kilogram (or 2.2 pounds) of weight for a starting dosage. Others prefer a more conservative approach, starting patients at a very low dose (perhaps as low as 25 micrograms). Note the 1.6 micrograms is a full replacement dose. This means that if part of your thyroid still functions properly, you won't need this full dose because you will continue to make some of their own T4, in addition to the dose in the pill.

Because it's common for dosages to change at the start of treatment, your doctor will likely monitor your thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels after two or three months (though some doctors check as soon as four weeks) from your first day of treatment. And since hormone replacement therapy is usually a lifelong treatment, you should get checked every year to make sure you're taking the right dose if you're on a stable dose. You should communicate with your doctor more frequently if your dose is being adjusted.

Doctors often err on the side of caution when prescribing starting dosages of T4 for a variety of reasons. For one, starting at a low dose and moving up lets your heart get used to the increased metabolism. Also, they don't want to induce hyperthyroidism—a condition caused by high levels of thyroid hormones. You can learn more about the symptoms of over-treatment below.

Even with a moderate dose of T4, some patients are susceptible to over-treatment symptoms. Elderly patients with weaker hearts and people with heart arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat) are especially sensitive to thyroid hormone. Generally, doctors like to start a slightly lower dose in these patients, in order not to cause or worsen irregular heart beats.

Be aware that when and how you take medication does influence its effectiveness. For example, thyroid medication should not be taken with calcium or iron. Both of these minerals bind with thyroid hormone and make it unavailable for your body's use.

Thus, you should avoid milk products two hours before and after taking thyroid medication. There are also some medications that alter T4 levels.

Aspirin, danazol and propanolol have been shown to increase T4 levels and furosemide, methadone, lithium, aluminum-containing antacids, colestipol, and rifampicin have been shown to decrease T4 levels.

There are also some unique interactions. Progesterone and estrogen are substances that can bind with T4, but also tend to increase T3 levels. Anabolic steroids tend to decrease thyroid hormone levels. Finally, thyroid hormone can suppress insulin, an important consideration for diabetics and bodybuilders using insulin.

Finally, if diagnosed with hypothyroidism, you will be taking medication for the rest of your life.

Below are some of the symptoms of over-treatment:
    Feeling hot and sweating more than normal
    Shaking (hand tremors)
    Heart palpitations
    Having difficulty falling asleep
    Having mood swings
    Experiencing mental "fuzziness" (forgetfulness, loss of concentration)
    Experiencing muscle weakness
    Losing weight
    Menstrual irregularities

If you experience any of these symptoms throughout the duration of your hypothyroidism treatment, talk to your doctor immediately. He or she will first check your blood tests, before deciding on a dose.

Aicar impressive drug for fat-loss

Professional bodybuilders often talk freely about their nutritional, training and supplementation programs, aspects of bodybuilding that are of critical importance to their success onstage. One subject that is not often discussed is the role anabolic/androgenic steroids play in "assisting" gains in muscle size and conditioning at the pro level.

Many pro bodybuilders are reticent about their association with various steroids and other anabolic substances, although the fans and administrators know these enhancers are widely used to the point where there is now, and has been for quite some time, a reliance on these drugs among users who desire competitive equality.

Given the lack of discussion on AA steroids, one might be led to think they are not entirely necessary for competitive success, that they don't have any special growth enhancing properties.

Aicar (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside, acadesine) is each of several interesting things. First, it’s an important pharmacological research agent, used principally as an AMPK activator. It’s a compound which has shown extremely impressive fat-loss and endurance-enhancing effects in laboratory animals. Further, it has considerable mystique resulting from at least some use by elite European cyclists. And lastly, it’s readily available from research chemical sites and is being personally tried by many, though generally as part of stacks and combined with changes in training and diet. AICAR – full name  aminoimidazole carboxamide riboside (also with the drug name acadesine) is a drug under development and in clinical trials for various treatments.  The drug is a target for use in various metabolic disorders, obesity and possibly for use in heart operations to prevent damage to tissues.  During animal testing AICAR was evaluated for effects on endurance in mice.  The results showed an improvement of up to 44% in treadmill tests after 4 weeks using the drug without training!  Another study looked at whether GW1516 and AICAR combined was as effective at getting fit compared with GW1516 plus exercise.  The effects were very similar.  This means that gains can be made in fitness using GW1516 and AICAR without training!  This was dubbed ‘exercise in a bottle’ in the media a few years ago. The conclusion is that AICAR makes the body think it has exercised.  This trick is classed as ‘gene doping’ by WADA and AICAR is prohibited in all sports at all times.

Scientific study based on animal test subjects has detmined that AICAR can play a hand in boosting these processes because it contains the ability to penetrate cardiac cells and block the production of enzymes tied to regulating glucose intake and energy expulsion.  With these regulatory enzymes inhibited, the affected cells can in turn boost the amount of glucose that can be received, and it can also increase its level of energy conversion.  Additionally, the peptide’s presence has been determined to aid in lowering programmed cell death, a process that is also known as apoptosis.

Ultimately, all of these elevated processes combine to provide an animal test subject an easier time in which it can achieve a level of homeostasis.

Because of the way in which AICAR has been shown to function, scientific study based on animal test subjects has determined that the peptide can be responsible for the following elevated processes:

    - Increased endurance – Because AICAR has been shown to possess the ability to boost energy conversion and make the entire process happen more efficiently, scientific study based on animal test subjects allows for an animal test subject to experience a boosted level of activity for a much longer stretch of time.
    - Elevated rate of fat burning – Because AICAR causes an animal test subject’s cells to convert energy on a significantly elevated basis, scientific study has derived that the subjects’ bodies have a tendency to break down fat cells quicker as a means to balance out this efficiency increase.  That being said, these scientific studies have determined that this process is only effective in the event that animal test subject maintains a consistent diet and does not increase its intake of food.

According to scientific study that has been based on animal test subjects, it has been determined that AICAR possesses a positive link in combating insulin resistance.  This condition is physiological in nature, and is built on a cellular unit’s inability to respond to normal reactions brought about by secretions of insulin.  Studies have shown that the peptide has an ability to enhance a proper cellular response to insulin secretions.  The action of lowering insulin resistance within an animal test subject can be directly linked to AICAR’s faculty to promote the uptake of glucose; a process that is also vital for the overall growth and repair of muscular and skeletal tissue.

AICAR and Cardiac Arrest:
Scientific study based on animal test subjects has also determined that AICAR can play a key role in the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrest.  Because the presence of the peptide has been shown to promote a more efficient means of carrying glucose to cells, it is believed that this action can serve to counteract a deficiency in glucose carriage during an episode of cardiac arrest, a condition that is in part caused by a lack of fuel needed to convert the energy needed to provide homeostasis.  Furthermore, it has been deduced that these same abilities may allow the peptide to act as a stabilizing agent in the wake of cardiac arrest episode. Ultimately, AICAR is thought to be able to reduce the risk of cardiac arrest from occurring, or at the very least, minimizing the resultant damage if it does occur. Although there are tests available for AICAR in urine samples – published several years ago – it appears that no athletes have yet been caught using the drug. 

The method may not be in routine use as yet due to various difficulties in interpretation.  The drug is naturally present in urine, excreted by the kidneys, even if you have not used the drug.  There are various difficulties with this approach such as: the need to have a statistically significant sample for baseline evaluation; to ensure that there are not people who are naturally going to have very high levels (and be tested ‘positive’); to determine whether any illness or disease would increase the urinary excretion; to ensure those using the drug will be tested positive; and hopefully develop a second confirmatory method. A perfect candidate for this method would be isotope ratio mass spectrometry, which allows differentiation of naturally occurring compounds and pharmaceutical preparations and is currently used to detect testosterone administration.

The benefits of Testosterone Cypionate in bodybuilding life

Testosterone Cypionate is one of the most popular forms of testosterone the world over and the most commonly used testosterone in hormone replacement therapy. Testosterone Cypionate is an injectable steroid that is used as a hormone replacement therapy for males who do not make enough testosterone themselves. The controlled substance Testosterone Cypionate is sometimes also used by weight lifters to increase their strength, but it is not FDA-approved for this use. Testosterone Cypionate is injected into the gluteal muscles of the buttocks. The manufacturer of testosterone Cypionate, recommended dosage varies according to the man's size and specific medical condition. The drug is manufactured at a strength of 200 mg/ml. Men who take Testosterone Cypionate should be well aware of the risks of using the drug. One of the risks associated with this type of hormone treatment is a compromise of liver function. Cancerous and non-cancerous tumors and cysts may appear on the liver, especially if the treatment with Testosterone Cypionate is prolonged.

Higher-than-normal levels of calcium in the blood, a condition called hypercalcemia is a risk of using this form of androgen hormone. Hypercalcemia can cause muscle twitching and weakness, kidney stones, nausea, depression and bone pain. Paddock Labs states that patients who develop high blood calcium levels should stop using the medication. A very powerful anabolic and androgenic hormone, Testosterone Cypionate is equal in both regards and is one of the most efficient and effective hormones we can use for almost any purpose. To understand Testosterone Cypionate we only need to understand the hormone testosterone and once we do we can understand how the various esters available, in this case Cypionate affect its mode of action. 

Testosterone is a hormone naturally produced by both men and women responsible for a host of functions; most notably muscle and bone growth, regeneration and male sexual characteristics. While men produce nearly ten times as much testosterone as women both require adequate amounts of this androgen class hormone in order to maintain a proper endocrine system. For those who suffer from low levels of testosterone, as Testosterone Cypionate is a pure form of testosterone it is often used to combat this condition and return levels to a more suitable level. Those who suffer from low testosterone levels commonly find their libido to be reduced, fat gain and muscle loss to occur, as well as immune system deficiencies and even depression. As you can easily see testosterone is a very important hormone and with it's many functions, when we increase levels beyond a normal range, as is the purposes in performance enhancing we effectively increase the attributes associated with this powerful anabolic androgenic steroid.

The benefits of Testosterone Cypionate are truly immense and provide every trait one would be after through the use of anabolic steroids. By its mode of action Testosterone Cypionate has the ability to increase both strength and size to a large degree which is by-in-large the principle desire of any anabolic steroid user. Further, because increased lean tissue improves our metabolic rate and because Testosterone Cypionate affects muscle wasting hormones in a positive manner body-fat is often reduced when the steroid is used.

You need to understand, using Testosterone Cypionate will not automatically lead you to gaining massive amounts of muscle tissue on its own, if a large muscular physique is what you are after you have to feed it but by doing so in conjunction with testosterone therapy we increase the efficiency of the food we are eating which can lead to a more muscular physique. Further, in the same light yet in the opposite direction, those who are after a leaner physique find Testosterone Cypionate to be a perfect choice as its mode of action aids in preserving lean muscle mass when on a calorie restricted diet. Plus, when dieting, the more muscle mass we can hold onto the greater our metabolic rate will be, the greater our fat-loss will be and the more pleasing our physique will be in the end.

Doses of 200-100mg a week are common using Testosterone Cypionate, with excellent results found midway at about 500 mg or less for the first time user and between 500-1000mg weekly for the more advanced athlete. Testosterone stacks well with anything and is also great when used alone. When stacked with another anabolic-androgenic steroid, distinct androgenic effects may be seen. Using cypionate will improve regenerative capacity as well as training aggressiveness which results in significant increases in overall strength during the course of the cycle.

Testosterone Cypionate is a long acting, single ester testosterone product. It has a length of 8 carbons, and is stored mostly in the adipose tissue when injected intra-muscularly. It is slowly and steadily released in the body after it is injected. The blood levels of cypionate peak 24-48 hours after injection and then decline slowly. The blood levels reach a steady point 12 days after initial injection and stay there for over three weeks. Cypionate is normally injected once a week, which makes the very lowest dose higher than half the peak dose at any given time. Any testosterone, as the king of mass builders, are cost effective products and important for any steroid stack. Used alone, the user can expect to see some significant gains. The long acting nature of cypionate allows the user to inject less frequently while maintaining stable blood levels. Testosterone cypionate is a good choice for the first time steroid user. A simple cycle consisting of 500 mg of cypionate weekly for 10 weeks, with ancillaries on hand, and standard post cycle therapy makes a good first cycle and can create some excellent gains in muscle mass. Along with those gains will come some gains in fat as well as water rentention, but that is a standard part of bulking up and should be expected. Enanthate or cypionate are also normally preferred over sustanon for a first cycle, due to the inability to maintain stable blood levels of sustanon while at the same time minimizing injection frequency. For maximum efficiency, every day or every other day injections of sustanon are normally administered. This is unnecessary while using cypionate due to its extreme length of action.